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1.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1438288

ABSTRACT

This study sought to review randomized clinical trials of home-based physical exercises and their effects on cognition in older adults. An integrative review was carried out after searching the PubMed, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, and PEDro databases. The risk of bias of the included randomized controlled trials was assessed using the PEDro Scale. Fourteen studies were included, with an average PEDro score of 6.1±1.7 (range, 3 to 9) points. Overall, the studies found that interventions consisting of home-based physical exercise programs, whether strength training alone or combined with aerobic and balance exercises, performed three times a week in 60-minute sessions for a minimum duration of 8 weeks, contribute to cognitive performance in older adults, with particular impact on executive function. We conclude that home-based physical exercises constitute a strategy to minimize the negative implications associated with cognitive impairment in older adults


Este estudo buscou revisar ensaios clínicos randomizados com exercícios físicos domiciliares e seus efeitos na cognição de idosos. Foi feita uma revisão integrativa com seleção nas bases de dados PubMed, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO e PEDro. A avaliação do risco de viés dos ensaios clínicos randomizados incluídos foi feita usando a Escala PEDro. Catorze estudos foram incluídos, cuja pontuação dos artigos na escala PEDro foi em média de 6,1±1,7 pontos, com a pontuação total variando de 3 a 9. De forma geral, os estudos apontaram que a intervenção com programas de exercícios domiciliares de treino de força isolado ou combinado com exercícios aeróbio e de equilíbrio, realizado três vezes na semana com 60 minutos por sessão e duração mínima de oito semanas, contribui para o desempenho cognitivo de idosos, especialmente sobre a função executiva. Concluiu-se que exercícios domiciliares se apresentam como uma estratégia para minimizar as consequências negativas associadas ao déficit cognitivo em idosos


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Exercise , Cognition Disorders/rehabilitation , Exercise Therapy/methods , Health Services for the Aged , Home Care Services , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Cognition Disorders/prevention & control
4.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 34(6): 739-748, Nov.-Dec. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057500

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: The true influence of the low mean arterial pressure (low MAP) during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on the development of postoperative cognitive deficit (POCD) remains controversial. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis and meta-regression to determine the effect of low MAP on POCD, as well as moderator variables between low MAP and POCD. Methods: The Web of Science, PubMed database, Scopus and the Cochrane Library database (up to June 2018) were searched and retrieved articles systematically reviewed. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing maintenance of low MAP (<80 mmHg) and high MAP (>80 mmHg) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were included in our final review. Statistical analysis of the risk ratio (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to report the overall effect. The overall effect and meta-regression analysis were done using Mantel-Haenszel risk ratio (MHRR) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: A total of 731 patients in three RCTs were included in this study. POCD occurred in 6.4% of all cases. Maintenance of low MAP did not reduce the occurrence of POCD (MHRR 1.012 [95% CI 0.277-3.688]; Z=0.018; P=0.986; I2=66%). Shorter CPB time reduced the occurrence of POCD regardless of group assignment (MH log risk ratio -0.519 [95% CI -0.949 - -0.089]; Z= -2.367; P=0.017). Conclusion: POCD is a common event among CABG patients. The neuroprotective effect of low MAP on POCD was attenuated by the prolonged CPB time.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Coronary Artery Bypass/rehabilitation , Cognition Disorders/prevention & control , Hypotension , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Postoperative Period , Coronary Artery Bypass/adverse effects , Risk Factors , Cognition Disorders/etiology , Extracorporeal Circulation , Arterial Pressure , Neuropsychological Tests
5.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 95(4): 451-457, July-Aug. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1040345

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the cognitive abilities of children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia diagnosed through neonatal screening and to compare them with healthy controls, adjusting the results to their socioeconomic status. Methods: Cognitive assessment was performed with the Wechsler WISC-III scale in 64 children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia and in 64 controls matched by gender and age, without the disease and without neurological impairment; socioeconomic status was measured by the Criterion Brasil. Results: All cognitive scores were lower in the group of patients. The mean overall IQ, Verbal IQ, and Performance IQ were, respectively, 90.95 for the group of patients and 113.97 for the controls (p < 0.001); 91.41 for the group of patients and 112.31 for the controls (p < 0.001); 92.34 for the group of patients and 113.38 for the controls (p < 0.001). Scores for processing speed, distraction resistance, and perceptual organization were also significantly lower in patients. A direct and significant correlation was detected between socioeconomic status and cognitive scores. In the multivariate analysis, for the same socioeconomic status, a child with sickle cell anemia had an average IQ of 21.2 points lower than the mean IQ observed for the controls (p < 0.001), indicating that the disease, adjusted for the socioeconomic effect, is a strong predictor of the overall IQ. Conclusion: The cognitive impairment of children with sickle cell anemia is severe and manifests even when the disease effect is adjusted to the socioeconomic status. In the authors' view, such impairment requires an early preventive approach in order to avoid this cognitive damage.


Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar os sistemas cognitivos de crianças e adolescentes com anemia falciforme provenientes de triagem neonatal e compará-las com controles sadios, ajustando-se os resultados para o nível socioeconômico. Método: A avaliação cognitiva foi feita com a escala de Wechsler WISC-III em 64 crianças e adolescentes com anemia falciforme e em 64 controles pareados por sexo e idade, sem a doença e sem comprometimento neurológico; o nível socioeconômico foi aferido pelo Critério Brasil. Resultados: Todos os escores cognitivos foram inferiores no grupo de pacientes. As médias de QI Total, QI Verbal e QI de Execução foram respectivamente 90,95 para o grupo de pacientes e 113,97 para os controles (p < 0,001); 91,41 para o grupo de pacientes e 112,31 para os controles (p < 0,001); 92,34 para o grupo de pacientes e 113,38 para os controles (p < 0,001). Os escores de velocidade de processamento, de resistência à distração e de organização perceptual foram, também, significativamente mais baixos nos pacientes. Detectou-se correlação direta e significativa entre o nível socioeconômico e os escores cognitivos. Em análise multivariada, para um mesmo nível socioeconômico, uma criança com anemia falciforme teve QI total, em média, 21,2 pontos mais baixo do que a média dos controles (p < 0,001), indicou que a doença, ajustada para o efeito socioeconômico, é forte fator preditivo do QI total. Conclusão: Os prejuízos cognitivos das crianças com anemia falciforme são intensos e se manifestam mesmo quando o efeito da doença é ajustado para o nível socioeconômico, o que, a nosso ver, requer abordagem preventiva precoce para tentar evitar tais prejuízos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Cognition Disorders/etiology , Anemia, Sickle Cell/complications , Socioeconomic Factors , Wechsler Scales , Brazil , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cognition Disorders/prevention & control , Intelligence Tests , Neuropsychological Tests
6.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 76(10): 685-691, Oct. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-973918

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: To explore the socioeconomic, demographic and psychosocial factors associated with cognitive performance in elderly caregivers from Brazil. Methods: We evaluated 351 Brazilian elderly caregivers attending primary healthcare services regarding sociodemographic and care variables. Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) domains of orientation/attention, memory, verbal fluency, language and visuospatial were used as dependent variables in the Tobit model. Results: Literacy and family income were positively associated with all ACE-R domains. Age, gender, time of care (days/week) were negatively associated with some cognitive domains. Moreover, receiving emotional help and the level of hope were positively associated with specific domains. Discussion: The results may be useful for planning interventions aimed at elderly caregivers in order to prevent deficits in the different cognitive domains.


RESUMO Objetivos: explorar os fatores socioeconômicos, demográficos e psicossociais associados ao desempenho cognitivo em idosos cuidadores do Brasil. Métodos: Avaliamos 351 idosos cuidadores da atenção primária à saúde em relação a variáveis sociodemográficas e de contexto do cuidado. Os domínios da Escala Cognitiva de Addenbrooke Revisada (ACE-R) - orientação/atenção, memória, fluência verbal, linguagem e visuo-espacial - foram utilizados como variáveis dependentes no modelo de Tobit. Resultados: Alfabetização e renda familiar foram positivamente associados a todos os domínios ACE-R. A idade, o sexo, o tempo de atendimento (dias/semana) foram associados negativamente com alguns domínios cognitivos. Além disso, receber ajuda emocional e nível de esperança foram positivamente associados a domínios específicos. Discussão: os resultados podem ser úteis para o planejamento de intervenções voltadas para cuidadores idosos, a fim de prevenir déficits nos diferentes domínios cognitivos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Caregivers/psychology , Cognition/classification , Socioeconomic Factors , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Time Factors , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Cognition Disorders/prevention & control , Cognition Disorders/psychology , Sex Distribution , Hope , Neuropsychological Tests
7.
Rev. Pesqui. (Univ. Fed. Estado Rio J., Online) ; 9(4): 1132-1138, out.-dez. 2017. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-908515

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: descrever as características sociodemográficas e clínicas de idosos sem declínio cognitivo de instituições de longa permanência. Métodos: Foi aplicado o Mini-Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) e um formulário para investigar aspectos sociodemográficos e clínicos nos idosos sem declínio cognitivo. Os dados foram analisados por meio do SPSS 18.0 e do teste qui-quadrado. Resultados: Houve predomínio de idosos sem declínio cognitivo do sexo masculino (55,7%), solteiros (63,29%), com faixa etária ≥ 75 anos (54,43%), com hipertensão arterial sistêmica (64,56%) e com uso de medicamentos que atuam no sistema cardiovascular (64,56%). Conclusão: É necessário que os idosos institucionalizados sem déficit cognitivo sejam avaliados continuamente para diagnóstico precoce do envelhecimento cognitivo patológico para prevenção de estados demenciais.


Objective: to describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of elderly people without cognitive decline in long-stay institutions. Methods: Mini-examination was applied Mental State and a form to investigate sociodemographic and clinical aspects in elderly people without cognitive decline. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 and Chi-square test. Results: There was a predominance of elderly people without cognitive decline in men (55.7%), single (63.29%), aged ≥ 75 years (54.43%) with systemic hypertension (64.56%) and use of drugs that act on the cardiovascular system (64.56%). Conclusion: It is necessary that the institutionalized elderly without cognitive impairment are continuously evaluated for early diagnosis of pathological cognitive aging to prevent dementia states.


Objetivo: describir las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de las personas mayores sin deterioro cognitivo en instituciones de larga estadía. Métodos: Mini-examen se aplicó Estado Mental y una forma de investigar aspectos sociodemográficos y clínicos en personas mayores sin deterioro cognitivo. Los datos fueron analizados con el programa SPSS 18.0 y la prueba de Chi-cuadrado. Resultados: Hubo un predominio de personas mayores sin deterioro cognitivo en los hombres (55,7%), solo (63,29%), con edades ≥ 75 años (54,43%) con hipertensión sistémica (64,56%) y el uso de fármacos que actúan sobre el sistema cardiovascular (64,56%). Conclusión: Es necesario que el anciano institucionalizado y sin deterioro cognitivo son evaluados de forma continua para el diagnóstico precoz de envejecimiento cognitivo patológico para evitar estados de demencia.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aged/statistics & numerical data , Cognition Disorders/prevention & control , Cognitive Aging , Cognitive Dysfunction/prevention & control , Health Services for the Aged , Homes for the Aged/statistics & numerical data , Brazil
8.
Rev. Pesqui. (Univ. Fed. Estado Rio J., Online) ; 9(3): 753-759, jul.-set. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-982957

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate cognitive aspects in institutionalized elderly people before and after realization of cognitive stimulation activities. Method: It is a semi-experimental and quantitative study. It was performed in a Long Term Care Institutions for the Elderly (ILPI) located in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte with the elderly who reached the minimum score in the survey instrument Mini Mental State Examination. They were only 26% of the residents. Results: After stimulation activities it was observed that the elderly were able to maintain or to increase the score for the various aspects evaluated. It was confirmed by statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon test a significant difference between the groups before and after, given by p-value = 0.027. Conclusion: It was identified that the realization of cognitive stimulation activities gets responses that contribute to the increase of the Mini Mental State Examination score.


Objetivo: Avaliar aspectos cognitivos em idosos institucionalizados antes e após a realização de atividades de estimulação cognitiva. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo quase experimental, contemplando uma abordagem quantitativa. Foi realizado em uma instituição de longa permanência na cidade do Natal/RN com os idosos que atingiram o ponto de corte no instrumento de pesquisa Mini Exame do Estado Mental, que somam apenas 26% do total de residentes. Resultados: Após as atividades de estimulação percebeu-se que os idosos conseguiram manter ou aumentar a pontuação dos diversos aspectos avaliados. Foi comprovado pela análise estatística, utilizando o teste de Wilcoxon, que há diferença significativa entre os grupos antes e depois, dado pelo p-valor = 0,027. Conclusão: Identificou-se que com a realização de atividades de estimulação cognitiva foram obtidas respostas que contribuíram para o aumento do escore do Mini Exame do estado mental.


Objetivo: Evaluar los aspectos cognitivos en los ancianos institucionalizados antes y después de realizar actividades de estimulación cognitiva. Método: Se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental, contemplando un enfoque cuantitativo. Se llevó a cabo en una institución de larga estancia en la ciudad de Natal/RN con las personas mayores que alcanzaron el punto de corte en el instrumento de la encuesta Mini Examen del Estado Mental, que representan sólo el 26 % de todos los residentes. Resultados: Después de actividades de estimulación se dieron cuenta de que los ancianos eran capaces de mantener o aumentar la puntuación de los diferentes aspectos evaluados. Se confirmó por análisis estadístico, usando la prueba de Wilcoxon, una diferencia significativa entre los grupos antes y después, dado por p-valor = 0,027. Conclusión: Se identificó que con la realización de actividades de estimulación cognitiva fueron las respuestas que han contribuido al aumento en la puntuación Mini Examen del Estado Mental.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cognition , Frail Elderly , Health Services for the Aged , Health of Institutionalized Elderly , Homes for the Aged , Brazil , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Cognition Disorders/nursing , Cognition Disorders/prevention & control , Cognition Disorders/therapy
9.
Rev. bras. neurol ; 51(3): 69-72, jul.-set. 2015.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-763861

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The increasing prevalence of cognitive impairment in older adults is a major concern nowadays. Interventions able to change the natural history of the most common cause of cognitive impairment in older adults, Alzheimer's disease (AD), are needed. Physical inactivity is considered one of the most important modifiable risk factors for AD. OBJECTIVE: To review recent evidence on the role of physical exercise (PE) in the older adults cognition. METHOD: The authors reviewed recent papers about PE and cognition in older adults. CONCLUSION: Current data indicate that PE is a promising intervention to decrease the risk of cognitive impairment in cognitively normal older subjects and in those with Mild Cognitive Impairment. Controversy still remains about the effect of PE in demented patients, but more recent data is pointing towards a positive effect.


INTRODUÇÃO: A prevalência crescente de comprometimento cognitivo em adultos mais idosos é uma grande preocupação atual. Intervenções capazes de alterar a história natural da causa mais frequente de comprometimento cognitivo em adultos mais idosos, a doença de Alzheimer (DA), são necessárias. A inatividade física é considerada um dos fatores de risco modificáveis mais importantes na DA. OBJETIVO: Rever evidências recentes no papel do exercício físico (EF) na cognição de adultos mais idosos. MÉTODO: Os autores fizeram uma revisão dos artigos recentes sobre EF e cognição em adultos mais idosos. CONCLUSÃO: Dados correntes indicam que o EF é uma intervenção promissora para diminuir o risco de comprometimento cognitivo em indivíduos mais idosos cognitivamente normais e naqueles com Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve. Ainda permanecem controvérsias quanto ao efeito do EF em pacientes demenciados, porém dados mais recentes apontam para um efeito positivo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Exercise/physiology , Dementia/prevention & control , Dementia/epidemiology , Alzheimer Disease/prevention & control , Motor Activity , Prevalence , Cognition Disorders/prevention & control
10.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 90(2): 119-134, Mar-Apr/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-709801

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: to examine and synthesize the available knowledge in the literature about the effects of preterm birth on the development of school-age children. SOURCES: This was a systematic review of studies published in the past ten years indexed in MEDLINE/Pubmed, MEDLINE/BVS; LILACS/BVS; IBECS/BVS; Cochrane/BVS, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycNET in three languages (Portuguese, Spanish, and English). Observational and experimental studies that assessed motor development and/or behavior and/or academic performance and whose target-population consisted of preterm children aged 8 to 10 years were included. Article quality was assessed by the Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scales; articles that did not achieve a score of 80% or more were excluded. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS: the electronic search identified 3,153 articles, of which 33 were included based on the eligibility criteria. Only four studies found no effect of prematurity on the outcomes (two articles on behavior, one on motor performance and one on academic performance). Among the outcomes of interest, behavior was the most searched (20 articles, 61%), followed by academic performance (16 articles, 48%) and motor impairment (11 articles, 33%). CONCLUSION: premature infants are more susceptible to motor development, behavior and academic performance impairment when compared to term infants. These types of impairments, whose effects are manifested in the long term, can be prevented through early parental guidance, monitoring by specialized professionals, and interventions. .


OBJETIVOS: examinar e sintetizar o conhecimento da literatura sobre os efeitos do nascimento prematuro no desenvolvimento de crianças em idade escolar. FONTES DE DADOS: revisão sistemática de estudos dos últimos 10 anos indexados nas bases de dados Medline/Pubmed; Medline/BVS; Lilacs/BVS; IBECS/BVS; Cochrane/BVS; Cinahl; Web of Science; Scopus e PsycNET, em três línguas (português, espanhol e inglês). Foram incluídos estudos observacionais e experimentais que avaliaram o desenvolvimento motor e/ou comportamento e/ou desempenho escolar e que tinham como população-alvo crianças prematuras na faixa etária de oito a 10 anos. A qualidade dos artigos foi avaliada pelas escalas STROBE e PEDro e utilizou-se ainda, como critério de exclusão, artigos que não atingissem uma pontuação correspondente a 80% ou mais nos itens das referidas escalas. SíNTESE DE DADOS: a busca eletrônica identificou 3.153 artigos, sendo que 33 foram incluídos a partir dos critérios de elegibilidade. Apenas quatro estudos não encontraram qualquer efeito da prematuridade sobre os desfechos pesquisados (dois artigos sobre o comportamento, um sobre desempenho motor e um sobre desempenho escolar). Dentre os desfechos de interesse, o comportamento foi o mais pesquisado (20 artigos/61%) seguido do desempenho escolar (16/48%) e dos problemas motores (11/33%). CONCLUSÃO: crianças prematuras são mais susceptíveis a prejuízos no desenvolvimento nas áreas motoras, de comportamento e de desempenho escolar em longo prazo quando comparadas a crianças nascidas a termo. Portanto, esses diferentes tipos de agravos, cujos efeitos se manifestam, em longo prazo, podem ser prevenidos precocemente através de orientação dos pais, acompanhamento dos profissionais especializados e intervenção. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Child Behavior/physiology , Infant, Premature/physiology , Learning Disabilities/physiopathology , Motor Skills Disorders/physiopathology , Cognition Disorders/physiopathology , Cognition Disorders/prevention & control , Educational Status , Infant, Premature/psychology , Learning Disabilities/prevention & control , Motor Skills Disorders/prevention & control , Premature Birth , Psychomotor Disorders/physiopathology , Psychomotor Disorders/prevention & control , Time
11.
Rev. ter. ocup ; 25(1): 51-59, jan.-abr. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-746382

ABSTRACT

O envelhecimento acarreta declínio em funções cognitivas, porém a capacidade de reserva pode ser otimizada, visandomanter e restaurar habilidades. Resultados positivos de programasde estimulação com idosos reforçam essa afirmação. Este trabalho objetiva identificar opiniões de participantes do Programa de estimulação da memória (PEM), desenvolvido pelo Laboratório de Gerontologia do Curso de Terapia Ocupacional da FMUSP. Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo, qualitativo, exploratório e descritivo, realizado em 2013, por meio de grupos focais, junto a indivíduos com sessenta anos ou mais, participantes do PEM em 2010 e 2011. Participaram 21 idosos, sendo 18 mulheres (85,7%), 11 (52,4%) com setenta anos ou mais, 18 (85,8%) com mais de 4 anos de escolaridade. Os participantes referiram dificuldades cognitivas atuais, porém afirmam que o PEM fornece estratégias para compensação, redução e conscientização acerca das mudanças decorrentes doenvelhecimento. Afirmam que o PEM contribuiu para melhora da memória nas atividades cotidianas e trouxeram sugestões para seu aprimoramento, como a de adequação às demandas de cada idoso. Apesar de perdas e recusas de parte dos potenciais participantes,o estudo permitiu obter opiniões acerca do PEM, orientando sua utilização como estratégia em terapia ocupacional.


The aging causes decline in cognitive functions although the cognitive reserve can be optimized aiming to maintain and restore cognitive abilities. Positive results in the stimulationprograms with elderly people reinforces this idea. This work aims to identify the opinions of participants of memory stimulation program (MSP), developed by the Gerontology Laboratory of the Occupational Therapy Course at the School of Medicine of the USP. Thisis a prospective, qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study, thatused focal groups developed in 2013. They were composed by sixty years old people or more, participants of MSP at 2010 and 2011. 21 elderly participated, 85.7% were women, 52.4% seventy years old people or more, 85.8% with more than 4 years of schooling. The participants reported current cognitive diffi culties, but they affirm that the MSP provides strategies both to its compensation, reductionand acquisition of knowledge about the changes related to aging. The participants affi rm that MSP contributed to improved memory in daily activities and they brought up suggestions for its improvement, such as adequacy of MSP to demands of each elderly. Despite that some potential participants didn’t attempted to the study, it allow to obtain opinions about the MSP guiding their use as a strategy of Occupational Therapy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Activities of Daily Living , Aging , Focus Groups , Aged , Memory , Health Promotion , Occupational Therapy , Health Services for the Aged , Cognition Disorders/prevention & control , Cognition Disorders/therapy
12.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 71(9A): 604-608, set. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-687274

ABSTRACT

Objective To compare neuromotor development between patients who did and those who did not undergo intrauterine myelomeningocele repair. Methods Children with myelomeningocele aged between 3.5 and 6 years who did undergo intrauterine repair (Group A, n=6) or not (Group B; n=7) were assessed for neuromotor development at both anatomical and functional levels, need for orthoses, and cognitive function. Results Intrauterine myelomeningocele repair significantly improved motor function. The functional level was higher than the anatomical level by 2 or more spinal segments in all children in Group A and 2 children in Group B, with a significant statistical difference between groups (p<0.05). Five children in Group A and one in Group B were community ambulators. Conclusion Despite the small sample, it was observed that an improvement of motor function and decreased need for postnatal shunting in the 6 children who had undergone intrauterine myelomeningocele repair. .


Objetivo Comparar o desenvolvimento neuromotor de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia fetal intrauterina da mielomeningocele ao de pacientes não submetidos ao procedimento. Métodos Foram avaliados: o desenvolvimento neuromotor (descrevendo o nível anatômico e motor funcional), o tipo de marcha, a necessidade de órteses e o nível cognitivo de crianças com mielomeningocele entre 3,5 e 6 anos de idade, submetidas (Grupo A; n=6) ou não submetidas (Grupo B; n=7) à cirurgia fetal intra-uterina. Resultados A função motora apre-sentou melhora significante, com nível funcional mais elevado em dois ou mais segmentos em relação ao nível anatômico em todas as crianças do Grupo A e em duas crianças do Grupo B, com diferença estatística entre os grupos (p<0.05). Cinco crianças do Grupo A e uma do grupo B eram deambuladoras comunitárias. Conclusão Apesar da pequena amostragem, nos 6 casos de cirurgia prenatal observouse melhora da função motora e menor necessidade de shunts pós-natais. .


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Cognition Disorders/prevention & control , Developmental Disabilities/prevention & control , Fetoscopy , Fetal Diseases/surgery , Meningomyelocele/surgery , Motor Skills Disorders/prevention & control , Cognition Disorders/etiology , Cognition Disorders/rehabilitation , Disability Evaluation , Disabled Children , Developmental Disabilities/etiology , Developmental Disabilities/rehabilitation , Meningomyelocele/complications , Motor Skills Disorders/etiology , Motor Skills Disorders/rehabilitation , Prenatal Diagnosis , Treatment Outcome
13.
Indian J Biochem Biophys ; 2010 Apr; 47(2): 117-120
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-135254

ABSTRACT

Propoxur (2-isopropoxyphenyl N-methylcarbamate) is widely used as an acaricide in agriculture and public health programs. Studies have shown that sub-chronic exposure to propoxur can cause oxidative stress and immuno-suppression in rats. Carbamates are also known to exhibit inhibitory effect on cholinesterase activity, which is directly related to their cholinergic effects. In the present study, the effect of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), a widely used herbal drug possessing anti-stress and immuno-modulatory properties was studied on propoxur-induced acetylcholine esterase inhibition and impairment of cognitive function in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group I was treated with olive oil and served as control. Group II was administered orally with propoxur (10 mg/kg b.wt.) in olive oil, group III received a combination of propoxur (10 mg/kg b.wt.) and W. somnifera (100 mg/kg b.wt.) suspension and group IV W. somnifera (100 mg/kg b.wt.) only. All animals were treated for 30 days. Cognitive behaviour was assessed by transfer latency using elevated plus maze. Blood and brain acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity was also assessed. Oral administration of propoxur (10 mg/kg b.wt.) resulted in a significant reduction of brain and blood AChE activity. A significant prolongation of the acquisition as well as retention transfer latency was observed in propoxur-treated rats. Oral treatment of W. somnifera exerts protective effect and attenuates AChE inhibition and cognitive impairment caused by sub-chronic exposure to propoxur.


Subject(s)
Acetylcholinesterase/blood , Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism , Animals , Cholinesterase Inhibitors/toxicity , Cognition Disorders/blood , Cognition Disorders/chemically induced , Cognition Disorders/enzymology , Cognition Disorders/prevention & control , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Male , Medicine, Traditional , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Propoxur/toxicity , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Withania/chemistry
14.
Scientific Medical Journal-Biomonthly Medical Research Journal Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. 2010; 9 (5): 435-439
in Persian | IMEMR | ID: emr-145152

ABSTRACT

Stroke and cognitive impairment after coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG] are associated with cerebral embolization. An important cause of embolism is manipulation of the ascending aorta. There are two distal and proximal anastomosis in CABG that can be done by single cross-clamp or by on cross-clamp and one side-biting clamp on ascending aorta. The later is done for reducing cardiac ischemia. Single clamp technique may be associated with lesser cerebral injury. The Aim of study is survey of surgical Complications of CABG. This study was carried out over 26 months [from oct 2006 until Jan 2009]. Patients referred for CABG to a private hospital [n=187] single clamp was used [group I], while patients referred to university hospital [n=187] were operated upon by conventional method of multiple clamps [group II]. The incidence of cerebral injury that was clinically patients referred diagnosed in both groups were analyzed. There were one left side hemiplegia and one mortality in group I and one left side hemiplegia and two cases of encephalopathy without any mortality in group II. The results of this study suggest that there is no benefit of single clamp over multiple clamp technique in terms of reduction in the incidence of stroke although there are some advantages of single clamp in causing less cognitive disorders


Subject(s)
Humans , Coronary Artery Bypass/adverse effects , Constriction , Surgical Instruments , Stroke/prevention & control , Incidence , Cognition Disorders/prevention & control
15.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 20(3): 244-251, 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-620968

ABSTRACT

Dementia is characterized by at least two cognitive domains defects that affect daily living activities. Before it, cognitive impairment is mild (Mild Cognitive Impairment). In next years,dementia will become a public health matter, so it is very important to have proper tools that allow early diagnosis. These tools should be validated, sensitive, specific and easy to performby non specialist physician. We discuss utility and weakness of a selected group of behavior and cognitive scales.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Neurocognitive Disorders/diagnosis , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Cognition Disorders/prevention & control
16.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 144(6): 497-502, nov.-dic. 2008. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-567771

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Existen estudios controvertidos sobre la prevención de la enfermedad de Alzheimer y el uso de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto del ibuprofeno y ácido acetilsalicílico sobre el deterioro cognitivo, poder antioxidante total (PAT) e isoprostanos (8-iso-PGF2á) séricos. Material y métodos: Entre abril de 2004 y febrero de 2006, a 18 mujeres mayores de 55 años de edad se les realizó escrutinio con la Prueba Mínima del Estado Mental de Folstein (MMSE); Prueba Corta para la Evaluación de la Memoria y la Atención, Syndrome Kurtz Test (SKT) y Escala de Depresión Geriátrica de Yasevage. Fueron asignadas aleatoriamente para recibir 400 mg/día de ibuprofeno (n=9) o 500 mg/día de ácido acetilsalicílico (n=9) durante un año. En la visita basal, seis meses y al año se determinó PAT y 8-iso-PGF2á séricos. Resultados: A un año de intervención, en cinco mujeres (55.6%) el MMSE aumentó cuatro puntos con ácido acetilsalicílico comparado con tres (33.3%) de ibuprofeno (p=0.028). El PAT aumentó (p=0.01) y disminuyeron los 8-iso-PGF2á (p=0.01) en ambos grupos en comparación con los valores basales. Conclusiones: Ambos medicamentos mejoraron el estado cognitivo y el perfil oxidativo en la población estudiada.


INTRODUCTION: There are controversial studies on the prevention of Alzheimer's disease with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ibuprofen and acetylsalicylic acid on cognitive impairment, serum total antioxidant power (TAP) and isoprostane (8-iso-PGF2alpha). METHODS: From April 2004 to February 2006, a Folstein mini-mental state (MMSE), Syndrome Kurtz Test (SKT) and a geriatric depression scale (Yasevage) were applied to eighteen, 55-56 years old eligible women. All women (n= 18) with normal cognitive state were randomized to ibuprofen 400 mg per day (n= 9) and acetylsalicylic acid 500 mg per day (n= 9) for one year. Serum TAP and 8-iso-PGF2alpha were performed at baseline, after six months and one year of treatment. RESULTS: After one year of treatment with acetylsalicylic acid five women (55.6%) raised their score 4 points in MMSE compared with 3 points increased (33.3%) showed by the ibuprofen group. TAP increased (p=0.01) and 8-iso-PGF2alpha reduced (p=0.01) in both groups compared with baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Both drugs improved the cognitive state andoxidative status of our population.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Aspirin/pharmacology , Cognition/drug effects , Ibuprofen/pharmacology , Isoprostanes/blood , Single-Blind Method , Cognition Disorders/prevention & control
17.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 52(7): 1076-1083, out. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-499717

ABSTRACT

Com o envelhecimento da população, as doenças crônicas serão mais prevalentes, como o diabetes melito (DM) e aquelas caracterizadas por disfunções cognitivas, como as demências. Alguns estudos mostraram associação do DM e outros fatores de risco cardiovascular associados a distúrbios cognitivos. Além das complicações vasculares, estudos sugerem ação da hiperglicemia e dos produtos avançados finais de glicação (PAFG) em estresse oxidativo e acúmulo de substância β-amilóide intracerebral. Outros fatores também vêm sendo investigados, como o papel da insulinemia, da genética e do IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1). Estudos mostraram que o bom controle glicêmico e a ingestão de dieta rica em gordura poliinsaturada, ômega-3 ou alimentos antioxidantes podem ter papel protetor contra os déficits cognitivos. Esclarecimentos sobre a associação entre DM e cognição e sua fisiopatologia podem ser essenciais para a prevenção e o tratamento de déficits cognitivos, levando a impacto positivo sobre a qualidade de vida dos pacientes idosos com DM.


As the population getting older, the chronic diseases will be more prevalent as diabetes mellitus (DM) and diseases characterized by cognitive deficits, as dementia. Studies have already shown an association between DM and cardiovascular risk factors associated with cognitive impairment. Besides the vascular complications of DM, studies have proposed the role of hyperglycemia and advanced glycosilation end products (AGEP) causing oxidative stress and β-amiloid protein brain deposition. Other factors have also been investigated, such as the role of insulinemia, genetic and IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1). Some studies showed that good glucose control and intake of poli-unsaturated fat, Ômega-3 or anti-oxidative food can play a protector role against cognitive deficits. Improving knowledge about the association between DM and cognition and its physiopathology, can be essential for the prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment, leading to a beneficial impact on the quality of life of elderly patients with DM.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cognition Disorders/etiology , Diabetes Complications/psychology , Atherosclerosis/complications , Cognition Disorders/physiopathology , Cognition Disorders/prevention & control , Dementia/complications , Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology , Diabetes Mellitus/prevention & control , Diabetes Mellitus/psychology , Hyperglycemia/complications
18.
Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (Impr.) ; 34(6): 290-293, 2007. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-471871

ABSTRACT

CONTEXTO: Entre os transtornos neuropsiquiátricos ocasionados por eventos cerebrovasculares, a depressão vascular é pouco diagnosticada por médicos não especialistas, causando aumento da morbimortalidade de pacientes idosos. CASO CLÍNICO: Trata-se de um paciente com 67 anos que apresentou resposta parcial a tratamento com inibidores da recaptura de serotonina e efeitos adversos autonômicos graves com outros antidepressivos. A adição de rivastigmina ao citalopram promoveu sucesso terapêutico, com redução de 23 para 7 pontos, na escala de Hamilton para depressão. DISCUSSÃO: O resultado obtido traz novas perspectivas para o tratamento da depressão vascular, sendo necessários ensaios clínicos controlados que evidenciem o benefício da adição dos inibidores das colinesterases aos antidepressivos no tratamento destes pacientes.


CONTEXT: Among neuropsychiatric disorders caused by cerebrovascular factors, vascular depression is diagnosed in a small degree by general practitioners, causing morbid-mortality increase in elderly. CASE REPORT: That is a case of a 67 year-old-man with partial response after treatment with a Selective Serotonin Receptors Inhibitor, and severe autonomic adverse effects with other antidepressants. The addition of rivastigmine to citalopram resulted in a therapeutic success, with a reduction of 23 to 7 points on the Hamilton Depressive Scale (HAM-D). DISCUSSION: The result obtained brings new perspectives to the treatment of vascular depression, providing that randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes confirm the positive effect of the addition of a cholinesterase inhibitor to antidepressants in the treatment of these patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Stroke/diagnosis , Dementia, Vascular/therapy , Depression/therapy , Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use , Dementia/prevention & control , Diagnostic Imaging , Alzheimer Disease/prevention & control , Case-Control Studies , Risk Factors , Aged , Cholinesterase Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Cognition Disorders/prevention & control
20.
Rev. bras. med. esporte ; 12(2): 108-114, mar.-abr. 2006.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-450180

ABSTRACT

O exercício e o treinamento físico são conhecidos por promover diversas alterações, incluindo benefícios cardiorrespiratórios, aumento da densidade mineral óssea e diminuição do risco de doenças crônico-degenerativas. Recentemente outro aspecto tem ganhando notoriedade: trata-se da melhoria na função cognitiva. Embora haja grande controvérsia, diversos estudos têm demonstrado que o exercício físico melhora e protege a função cerebral, sugerindo que pessoas fisicamente ativas apresentam menor risco de serem acometidas por desordens mentais em relação às sedentárias. Isso mostra que a participação em programas de exercícios físicos exercem benefícios nas esferas física e psicológica e que, provavelmente, indivíduos fisicamente ativos possuem um processamento cognitivo mais rápido. Embora os benefícios cognitivos do estilo de vida fisicamente ativo pareçam estar relacionados ao nível de atividade física regular, ou seja, exercício realizado durante toda a vida, sugerindo uma "reserva cognitiva", nunca é tarde para se iniciar um programa de exercícios físicos. Dessa forma, o uso do exercício físico como alternativa para melhorar a função cognitiva parece ser um objetivo a ser alcançado, principalmente em virtude da sua aplicabilidade, pois se trata de um método relativamente barato, que pode ser direcionado a grande parte da população. Assim, o objetivo da presente revisão é o de discutir os aspectos associativos entre exercício físico e função cognitiva, permitindo uma ponderação entre o seu uso enquanto alternativa e elemento coadjuvante.


Exercise and physical training are known as promoters of several alterations, and among them, cardiorespiratory benefits, increase in the mineral bone density and decrease in the risk for chronic-degenerative diseases. Recently, another aspect has become notorious: an improvement in the cognitive function. Although it is very controversial, several studies have shown that physical exercises improve and protect the cerebral function, suggesting that physically active individuals present lower risk to develop mental disorders compared to sedentary individuals. This demonstrates that participating in physical exercise programs exerts benefits in the physical and psychological spheres, and it is probable that physically active individuals have a faster cognitive processing. Although the cognitive benefits of the physically active life-style seem to be related to the level of the regular physical activities, that is, exercises performed along the whole lifetime, suggesting a "cognitive reserve", it is never too late to start a physical exercise program. Thus, using physical exercises as an alternative to achieve an improvement in the cognitive function seems to be a aim to be attained mainly due to its applicability, since it is a relatively less expensive method that can be used by the major part of the population. Thus, the purpose of the present review is to discuss the associative aspects between physical exercises and the cognitive function, thus allowing to reflect on its use as an alternative and supportive element.


El ejercicio y la educación física así como los entrenamientos son conocidos porque promueven varios cambios en el cuerpo, incluso beneficia los efectos cardio-respiratorios, el aumento de la densidad mineral del hueso y la disminución del riesgo del enfermedades crónico-degenerativas. Más recientemente hay otro aspecto que ha obtenido fama reconocida sobre esos beneficios; se trata de la mejora en la función cognitiva. Aunque hay grandes controversias, varios estudios han estado demostrando que el ejercicio físico mejora y protege la función cerebral, mientras se hace una sugerencia que las personas se presentasen físicamente activas tendrán riesgo más pequeño sobre ataques por desórdenes mentales en relación al sedentario. Esto demonstra que la participación en programas de ejercicios tienen beneficios en las esferas física y psicológica, y que probablemente, los individuos físicamente activos tengan un procesamiento cognitivo más rápido. Aunque los beneficios cognitivos del estilo de vida fisicamente activo parecen relacionarse al nivel de actividades físicas regular, cumplido durante una vida, mientras podemos pensar que para una "reserva" cognitiva, nunca es tarde para empezar un programa de ejercicios físicos. De esta forma el uso del ejercicio físico como alternativa para mejorar la función cognitiva parece ser un objetivo a ser alcanzado, principalmente debido a la aplicabilidad del individuo por el logro personal-ademas de ser un método relativamente barato que la gran parte de la población tiene acceso. Así, el objetivo de la revisión presente es él de discutir los aspectos asociativos entre el ejercicio físico y la función cognitiva, permitiendo una consideración entre los que la usan como una alternativa y un elemento de apoyo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cognition/physiology , Aging/physiology , Exercise/physiology , Motor Activity , Cognition Disorders/prevention & control , Memory Disorders/prevention & control
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